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在城市核心区上软下硬地层条件下，地铁建设中的“先隧后站”施工方式面临盾构与暗挖车站交互影响机理不清的问题，文章依托广州地铁纪念堂站工程，采用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，研究关键工序时序对围岩与结构力学行为的影响。通过构建分层地质力学模型试验体系，采用差异化配比相似材料模拟复合地层，重点对比分析了扣拱形成前、后两种盾构过站工况。结果表明：(1)洞桩法施工地表沉降呈单峰曲线，扣拱形成后盾构过站可显著减弱围岩扰动，有效控制沉降；(2)拱部支护形成后盾构穿越，地层荷载释放更充分，盾构管片应力集中现象明显缓解，最大应力值显著降低；(3)车站正洞拱部支护承受最大应力，而盾构穿越对其影响有限。综合沉降控制与结构安全，建议优先采用“扣拱先成，盾构后过”工序。该研究构建的试验方法为类似工程的试验研究与实践提供了参考。
Abstract：[Objective] The “tunnel before station ”(TBS) construction method is increasingly being adopted in urban core areas featuring upper-soft and lower-hard strata to resolve scheduling conflicts in metro projects. However, the interaction mechanism between shield tunneling and subsequent mined station excavation remains poorly understood, thus posing significant risks to ground stability and structural integrity. Based on the Guangzhou Metro Memorial Hall Station project, this study clarifies how the timing of shield passage, either before or after the construction of the arch support of the station, affects the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock and supporting structures. The goal is to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for optimizing construction sequences in similar complex geological conditions. [Methods] Herein, a combined approach of physical model tests and numerical simulations was employed. A geomechanical model test system was designed based on standard similarity relationships, utilizing stratified similar materials with varying mix proportions for accurate simulation of the mechanical characteristics of the upper-soft and lower-hard composite strata. Two representative working conditions were established: Condition 1, in which shield tunneling occurred after arch support installation, and Condition 2, in which shield tunneling was conducted before arch support formation. Comprehensive monitoring was conducted to assess surface settlement, subsurface displacement, and stresses in shield segments and the arch support. [Results] The following results were obtained:(1) Surface settlement during the pile–beam–arch station construction followed a typical unimodal Peck curve. Shield tunneling conducted after arch support formation(Condition 1) resulted in a maximum settlement of 42.1 mm, which was 5.9% lower than the 44.6 mm observed under Condition 2. This indicated that a completed arch support notably minimizes surrounding rock disturbance and improves settlement control.(2) The stress on shield segments was lower under Condition 1, with a maximum principal stress of 1.31 MPa, compared with 1.63 MPa under Condition 2, indicating a 24% increase in the latter. Condition 2 also showed larger stress concentration areas and tensile regions on the inner surface of segments, indicating a less favorable mechanical state. The pre-existing arch support under Condition 1 enabled better load release and redistribution, thereby reducing demands on the segments.(3) The arch support above the main station excavation experienced the highest structural stress, reaching a maximum compressive stress of 6.7 MPa under Condition 1, remarkably higher than the 4.7 MPa under Condition 2. This confirmed the role of arch support as the primary load-bearing component. Subsequent shield tunneling had a limited impact on the stress state of the arch support in both conditions. Validation revealed a high degree of agreement between model tests and numerical simulations, with errors in key metrics remaining below 6%, further confirming the reliability of the findings. [Conclusions] The results from both physical model tests and numerical simulations indicated that the timing of shield tunneling in relation to arch support construction is crucial for understanding the interaction mechanics in TBS projects within upper-soft and lower-hard strata. Prioritizing the completion of the arch support before shield passage(Condition 1) offers better settlement control and reduces stress on shield segments, making it the recommended sequence for enhanced safety and performance. If shield tunneling must occur before arch support(Condition 2), additional measures such as ground improvement or segment reinforcement should be considered to mitigate the identified risks of increased settlement and adverse structural loading. The developed model test system and analytical methodology provide a reliable and adaptable framework for investigating similar complex tunneling-station interaction challenges in underground engineering.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.12.004
中图分类号:U455.43;U231.3
引用信息:
[1]冯冀蒙,李艺飞,宋佳黛,等.“先隧后站”交互影响力学特征模型试验设计[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(12):26-34.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.12.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52478419); 四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1153)