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为落实“双碳”目标、推动公共机构绿色低碳发展，该文聚焦国家重大科技基础设施高耗能、碳排放集中等问题，研究其节能降碳路径。研究采用政策文献分析、标准规范梳理与典型案例剖析相结合的方法，重点考察大科学装置等典型场景的低碳实践。研究提出构建“技术升级、管理优化、信息化赋能、政策协同”四位一体的协同体系，具体包括：高耗能设备技术升级与新能源应用；制定行业低碳建设指导文件和评价标准；数智赋能提升数据治理成效；以“四重叠加”方法实现降碳减费政策的协同落地。研究为公共科研机构提供了一套系统、可操作的节能降碳实施框架，对提升科研绿色治理能力、建设节约型科研体系具有重要理论价值与实践意义。
Abstract：[Objective] Key national laboratories and science and technology infrastructures are core components of China's scientific and technological innovation system. At the same time, they are one of the primary sources of carbon emissions from public research institutions. To implement the national “Dual Carbon” strategy and promote the green and low-carbon development of public institutions, this study focuses on the main problems of national science and technology infrastructures, which include high energy consumption and concentrated carbon emissions, and conducts a systematic study of their paths toward energy conservation and carbon reduction. [Methods] A series of studies were conducted to address the challenges of constructing large, low-carbon laboratories in public research institutions, and solutions based on the findings were proposed. This study examines low-carbon practices in representative high-energy-consumption scenarios, including high-performance computing platforms and major science and technology infrastructures. By combining case studies, particularly that of the Institute of High Energy Physics, it identifies actionable management and technical pathways for promoting low-carbon transitions. Employing a case study approach, the analysis of typical international high-energy particle accelerators reveals their distinctive high energy consumption characteristics and demonstrates that large laboratories in public research institutions currently have relatively limited options for implementing low-carbon technological transformations in their primary energy-consuming systems. Second, the policy and standard benchmarking analysis method is applied to explore the improvement of the evaluation system and standards for constructing low-carbon laboratories. Literature reviews and systematic analysis indicate that large laboratories in public research institutions lag behind in digital transformation and informatization and have not yet exploited policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and lowering costs. [Results] In view of current research into and practices in developing low-carbon laboratories, this study proposes an integrated four-dimensional strategy for energy conservation and carbon reduction centered on technological upgrading, management optimization, digital empowerment and policy coordination. First, with regard to the main energy-consuming links, high-energy-consumption equipment should be upgraded, and the application of new energy, such as solar power and waste heat recovery, should be promoted. Second, low-carbon management systems should be improved by compiling guidelines for the low-carbon construction of public research institutions and establishing targeted, classified evaluation standards. Third, the role of digital and intelligent empowerment should be strengthened to improve the effectiveness of energy data governance. Fourth, the “fourfold superposition” method should be adopted, including procurement of green power, participation in electricity market-oriented transactions, involvement in carbon emission auctions, and application for energy conservation subsidies, to implement carbon reduction and cost-cutting policies. [Conclusions] Addressing the biggest problems of national science and technology infrastructures, this study provides a systematic and operable implementation framework for energy conservation and carbon reduction in an integrated four-dimensional strategy, which consists of technological upgrading, management optimization, digital empowerment, and policy coordination. This strategy is of theoretical value and is practical for improving the capacity of green governance in scientific research and building an economical scientific research system.
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(1)https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/01-19/10554528.shtml
(1)https://www.cas.cn/sygz/202503/t20250327_5060240.shtml
基本信息:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.034
中图分类号:TU244.5;X322
引用信息:
[1]王湘鉴,李全林.公共科研机构实验室节能降碳路径研究[J].实验技术与管理,2026,43(03):268-274.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.034.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(12275288)
2025-09-16
2025
2025-11-24
2025
2025-11-11
1
2026-02-06
2026-02-06
2026-02-06