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国家重点实验室重组是我国战略科技力量体系重塑的重要举措，深刻影响基础研究平台的空间布局。厘清其空间格局演化与驱动机制，对优化战略科技力量全域布局具有重要意义。该文以2015年（重组前）与2025年（重组后）的国家重点实验室为对象，基于“资源-环境-能力”框架，综合运用空间探索性分析、社会网络分析与组态分析等方法，剖析其空间格局，并分别识别其充分必要条件。研究表明：实验室整体呈“东强西弱”格局，重组后规模分布均衡性提升；独立主体头部集聚弱化，跨区域协同网络由星型结构转向全域网络化；省域学科丰富度提高。其驱动机制从要素驱动转向制度环境与知识创造双轮驱动。组态分析进一步识别出六类引致高发展水平的典型组态。在此基础上，本文从空间布局、动力机制、路径设计和发展理念四个层面提出优化路径，为重组后国家重点实验室分类施策、差异化发展与战略科技力量全域布局优化提供实践指引。
Abstract：[Objective] State key laboratories are the core carriers of China's strategic scientific and technological forces， and their restructuring has profoundly reshaped the spatial layout of basic research platforms. Significant changes have taken place in the spatial pattern of state key laboratories before and after the restructuring， and the spatial differential distribution of antecedent variables is an important factor affecting the pattern evolution. Clarifying the spatial evolution characteristics and driving factors of state key laboratories before and after the restructuring is of great practical significance for optimizing the overall layout of strategic scientific and technological forces and enhancing the supporting capacity of basic research. [Methods] This paper comprehensively uses social network analysis， exploratory spatial analysis， configurational analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to carry out the research. Among them， social network analysis accurately depicts the correlation intensity of state key laboratories through the weighted degree index; exploratory spatial analysis intuitively presents the spatial distribution correlation characteristics of state key laboratories and their various sub-dimensions based on the spatial visualization of quantitative data; necessary condition analysis adopts the ceiling line analysis method to quantify the effect size and significance level of antecedent variables as necessary conditions for the outcome variable， which effectively makes up for the limitations of human factors in configurational analysis; configurational analysis relies on Boolean operations to explore the interactive effects (configurational effects) among multiple antecedent factors from the perspective of consistency and coverage， and clarifies the factor combination mode required to shape high-level state key laboratories. [Results] (1) In terms of spatial distribution， state key laboratories showed a gradient distribution characteristic of "strong in the east and weak in the west， core agglomeration" both before and after the restructuring. The restructuring effectively optimized the overall layout and scale distribution: it strengthened the coverage of independent subjects in the central and western regions， improved the disciplinary richness in underdeveloped regions， transformed the collaborative innovation network of joint subjects from a sparse structure of "dominance by a single core" to an overall network pattern of "core leadership and multi-polar linkage"， and significantly enhanced the layout balance and collaborative innovation capacity. (2) In terms of necessary conditions， the necessary conditions and bottleneck structure for the innovative development of laboratories have undergone a significant transformation， and the driving mode has changed from factor input-led to dual-drive of institutional empowerment and knowledge innovation: in 2015， financial resources were the core necessary condition， supported by traditional factors; in 2025， the institutional environment became the core necessary condition， the necessity of knowledge creation capacity was significantly improved， and the synergy of the innovation system was enhanced. (3) In terms of sufficient conditions， six types of configurational modes driving the development of high-level state key laboratories were identified， namely basic factor complementary type， resource-led environment-capability synergy type， environment-led resource-capability synergy type， capability-led & resource-environment driven type， resource-led environment-driven type and comprehensive-driven type， and there was significant complementarity among factors in each configurational mode. [Conclusions] Promoting the high-quality development of state key laboratories can be achieved from four aspects: first， at the spatial layout level， optimize the allocation of regional innovative resources by focusing on both balanced layout and core leadership; second， at the dynamic mechanism level， lead the upgrading of innovative development through the dual-drive of institutional empowerment and knowledge innovation; third， at the path design level， formulate differentiated innovative development paths based on the core logic of configuration optimization and regional adaptation; fourth， at the collaborative development level， promote the coordinated development of multiple provinces relying on the comprehensive factor system support for laboratory development.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:G322
引用信息:
[1]吴颖莹,王超,袁勇麟.国家重点实验室空间变迁与组态研究[J].实验技术与管理().
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金（25BGL158）; 福建省中青年教师教育科研项目（JAS25145）
2026-07-03
2026-07-03
2026-07-03