实验技术与管理

在持续9年的实验室安全检查实践及课题研究成果基础上，教育部已经建成了相对完备的高校实验室安全管理制度，并指导全国高校完善了实验室安全工作体系，队伍建设、教育培训、技防物防等得到明显提升，高校实验室安全管理水平逐步迈向安全管理的科学化、系统化阶段。但高校实验室安全管理仍存在责任体系尚不完善、安全事故事件追责未落实、实验室空间及设备设施的安全设计与规划不足、技术标准与队伍专业化有待加强等共性问题。该文从建设高校实验室安全管理制度体系的实践、高校实验室安全管理存在的根本性问题、实验室安全管理水平跃迁到本质文化阶段的难度等三个方面总结了高校实验室安全的形势，提出高校实验室安全管理的主要任务是完善实验室安全工作体系、加强对实验室安全责任事故事件行为的追责、全面推行精细化管理、探索并建立专业化管理模式，并列举具体措施。

[Objective] Drawing on nine years of experience in laboratory safety inspections and research, the Ministry of Education(MOE)has set up a comprehensive laboratory safety management framework for higher education institutions(universities). This framework guides universities nationwide in enhancing their safety systems. However, challenges continue to impede the safe development of university laboratories. This study summarizes the current state of laboratory safety in universities and proposes key tasks to address these issues. [Methods] This paper examines the MOE's laboratory safety institutional system and its underlying design rationale, incorporating an analysis of fundamental societal contradictions and the transitional characteristics of safety culture development. Through this examination, the paper derives the current state of laboratory safety in universities. Furthermore, by identifying issues encountered in practical applications and conducting a comparative assessment of shortcomings, the paper strategically outlines the primary tasks for laboratory safety management in universities. [Results] The research concludes that laboratory safety in universities is increasingly managed by scientific, standardized, and practical management approaches. Despite these advancements, educational, operational, and evaluative frameworks within society continue still posing obstacles to the safe evolution of laboratories. Currently, laboratory safety is at a crucial juncture for fostering a comprehensive safety culture. The MOE's university laboratory safety system, centered on the “Regulation of Laboratory Safety in Universities and Colleges,” is well-established. Historically, this system has evolved from reactive to proactive measures, shifting focus from responding to accidents to preventing them. Technically, the system is designed to meet the specific requirements of university laboratory safety, including “addressing undeniable risks,” “identifying necessary hazards,” and “preventing potential accidents,” thereby showcasing scientific rigor. From a responsibility logic standpoint, the system emphasizes both vertical accountability in safety management and horizontal coordination. Technically, it integrates national laws, regulations, and standards related to laboratory safety. While this system effectively guides laboratory safety management nationwide, foundational challenges remain, particularly the conflicts between university laboratory safety and existing educational, operational, and evaluative frameworks. Moreover, within academic norms, safety is not often prioritized. Laboratory principal investigators often prioritize scientific research outcomes over risk identification and personal protective requirements, posing significant risks during hazardous experiments. This study asserts that the current level of laboratory safety management in universities is generally at an institutional or systemic stage. Transitioning to an inherent cultural stage poses significant challenges. [Conclusions] Given the current circumstances, the primary tasks for laboratory safety management in universities include refining the laboratory safety work system, strengthening accountability for safety incidents, implementing granular management, and exploring a professionalized management model. In alignment with the “Regulation of Laboratory Safety in Universities and Colleges,” universities should prioritize implementing the safety responsibility management system, education and training, authorized access, safeguarding hardware and software, and managing critical hazardous sources such as dangerous chemicals. Strengthening accountability for laboratory safety accidents is crucial, following the “Measures for Responsibility and Accountability for Accidents of Laboratory Safety in Universities and Colleges Directly Under the Ministry of Education(Trial Implementation).” This involves rigorously addressing violations of national laws, safety levels, or qualifications, unresolved safety hazards, and unassessed risks. The “Grading & Classification Administration of Laboratory Safety in Universities and Colleges(Trial Implementation)” should be implemented to refine risk management and ensure compliance with control requirements. Planning tasks also encompass establishing technical standards for university laboratory safety, conducting qualification certifications for practitioners, and implementing professionalized management. Although the regulation for university laboratory safety management is established, fostering an inherent safety-focused culture remains a lengthy endeavor. Integrating safety education into the core of talent cultivation is equally important.